Nigeria is grappling with a persistent Lassa fever outbreak that has claimed 177 lives so far this year, according to the latest figures from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC). The agency reported a slight rise in new infections, underscoring the ongoing challenge of containing the viral disease.
In its situation report for epidemiological week 44 of 2025, released on Thursday, the NCDC confirmed 12 new cases, up from 11 the previous week. The new infections were detected in Ondo, Edo, and Benue States, indicating continued transmission in high-burden regions.
The cumulative death toll of 177 results in a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 18.3%, a concerning increase from the 16.5% CFR reported during the same period in 2024.
The outbreak remains highly concentrated, with four states—Ondo, Bauchi, Edo, and Taraba—accounting for a staggering 87% of all confirmed infections in 2025. Ondo State alone contributes 36% of the national case load.
To date, the country has recorded 8,463 suspected cases and 966 confirmed infections across 21 states and 102 Local Government Areas. While the overall numbers are lower than those reported in 2024, the NCDC warned that community transmission remains widespread.
The disease primarily affects young adults, with the 21-30 age group being the most impacted. The median age of confirmed cases is 30.
The National Lassa Fever Technical Working Group, alongside international partners, is coordinating a multi-faceted response. Recent efforts include deployment of rapid response teams to affected states, strengthening public health messaging through partnerships with medical student associations.
Launching an e-learning platform for infection prevention and control, distribution of essential medical supplies, including antiviral drugs and personal protective equipment are also mentioned.
Despite these measures, the NCDC highlighted critical challenges hampering progress. These include the late presentation of patients at healthcare facilities, poor health-seeking behaviour due to the high cost of treatment, and persistent issues with environmental sanitation in high-burden communities.
The agency has issued urgent recommendations, calling on state governments to intensify year-round community engagement and health education. It also urged healthcare workers to maintain a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis and timely treatment, which is critical for patient survival.
Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness transmitted to humans through contact with food or household items contaminated by infected rats. Person-to-person transmission can also occur through bodily fluids. Early symptoms include fever and weakness, but the disease can progress to severe bleeding, organ failure, and death.